Advantages of Actuation Redundancy for the Design of Haptic Displays 2 P. Buttolo B. Hannaford Proceedings, ASME Fourth Annual Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, vol. DSC-57-2, pp. 623-630, San Francisco, Nov. 1995 1995 IEEE http://brl.ee.washington.edu/BRL/publications/Rep098.pdf In this paper we will describe a direct-drive, actuation redundant, parallel manipulator, characterized by very low inertia, no backlash, and almost zero friction. We will then describe the problems and advantages of actuation redundancy and we will introduce a computationally-efficient algorithm that maximizes the force capability of the device. Actuation redundancy is different from kinematic redundancy because it concerns only the determination of forces and moments. A drawback of the parallel redundant structure is the high computational requirement. On the other hand, the possibility to choose the torque adopting a proper set of criteria permits satisfaction of a desired set of requirements for haptic devices, such as maximize the force output and achieve a homogenous force output in the workspace.